A review and comparison of legislative,regulatory and institutional Essay

A review and comparison of legislative,regulatory and institutional reform in the US and UK - Essay Example The regulation of financial markets and its implications have been a topic of considerable interest among researchers and policy makers for a long time.On the one hand, it is argued that the regulation of financial markets has welfare benefits due to the existence of market imperfections On the other hand, it is argued that financial market regulation imposes significant costs to an economy that outweighs the benefits (Benston, 1998).It has been argued that the inappropriate regulatory measures combined with many other factors have resulted in the recent economic crisis. Given this, essay examines the regulatory, institutional and legislative reforms in US and UK in the pre crisis, crisis and post crisis periods. The main aim is to compare the reforms in these periods and their impact on the capital markets in US and UK. This essay is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the theoretical arguments regarding regulation, section 3 discusses the reforms in pre crisis period, section 4 discusses the reforms in the crisis period, section 5 discusses the reforms in the post crisis period and section 6 concludes the essay. 2. Theoretical Arguments Financial market regulation is mainly aimed at correcting market imperfection and ensuring allocative efficiency of resources (Giorgio et al, 2000). Based on these the three main reasons for financial market regulation are identified as (i) ensuring microeconomic and macroeconomic stability (ii) equitable resource distribution and (iii) allocative efficiency of resources. 2.1. ... ations on integrity requirements etc and other regulations like portfolio investment limits, regulations on off balance activities etc(Giorgio et al, 2000). 2.2.Equitable Resource Distribution Based on the objective of equitable resource distribution, the financial market regulation is aimed at making the markets and intermediaries transparent and to protect the investors (Giorgio et al, 2000). In this regard, the measures include takeovers and public offers regulations, regulations of insider trading, manipulation, price discovery mechanisms, which are aimed at equal treatment, and business conduct rules aimed at non-discrimination etc. 2.3. Allocative Efficiency of Resources Based on this objective, the financial market regulation is aimed at enhancing competition among the financial intermediaries through regulating the competitive structure of the markets as well as regulations of concentrations etc (Giorgio et al, 2000). This view supports competition by arguing that competition helps banks to earn great market share and high efficiency(Demsetz,1973 ). Based on this view, competition and concentration are not in opposite directions. Rather, competition promotes concentration and hence bank efficiency. However, this theory assumes that there are no efficient barriers to entry. According to this view competition increases concentration only if the banks, which have high market share have a special advantage in developing output which are not available to other banks. In such a case, it leads to increased efficiency of the banks, which have this advantage (Demsetz,1973 ). Here, the profits will not be reduced by competition since it will be very difficult for other banks to overcome the superior performance using their inputs. This is because, in this case, it is not

Using Pop-Up Stores to Boost Sales for Online Fashion Shop Essay

Using Pop-Up Stores to Boost Sales for Online Fashion Shop - Essay Example Pop-up stores not only help in creating the awareness but in the long run it also helps in boosting sales for the organisation. I realized this issue when I tried to convince my friend to purchase an item that was available online but was not available in the local market. His reaction gave me the problems or the perception of the consumer during online shopping. This lead to my research as to how can we make people aware of the positive aspects of online shopping. This is when I came across a website discussing about pop-up-up up stores and how it helps in boosting the sales for online shopping. During the discussion in the report our focus will be to find out how does pop-up-up up stores help in making the most out of pop-up shops and offline shops or spaces in order to boost the sales and create brand awareness. Another aspect of the research will be to find out the short term and long term benefits of having an extra outlet or a physical showroom for the products and how it can help a brand in terms of increasing the sales. On doing thorough research over the web I found several discussions that have been done about pop-up-up stores. However as the topic is closely related to online shopping, I could not find much relevant data related to the particular issue. The discussions were mainly showcasing the popularity of pop-up stores and how it has been helping the retailers in boosting their profit margins. As the economy is stabilizing, there has been a decrease in the available to spaces to set up a showroom (Allen, 2013). This has gone on to encourage the rise of pop-up stores as they can be practically put up anywhere. The idea is to take the consumers by a shock because they would never be expecting something at that particular place (Pegler, 2011). Another article discussed the benefits of coming up with pop-up stores. The first benefit discussed was that it was beneficial for the landlord as pop-up stores opened